Process hazard analysis Phast is the world’s most comprehensive process hazard analysis software tool for all stages of design and operation. Phast examines the progress of a potential incident from the initial release to far-field dispersion analysis including modelling of pool spreading and evaporation, and flammable and toxic effects. Consequence analysis tool • The industry standard consequence analysis tool for the analysis of flammable, fire, explosion and toxic hazards, used by over 800 organizations globally • Incorporates groundbreaking model development research work conducted with industry partners • Continuously developed by experts for over 30 years • Worldwide technical support and training. Industry standard software for hazard analysis In order to meet your risk management goals, you need a robust understanding of the hazards posed by a process facility. Use Phast to quickly and accurately assess the threat potentials posed by a diverse range of hazard types. Key benefits of Phast software for precess hazard analysis • Trustworthy results – integrated models are constantly validated and verified • Extensive reporting capability – comprehensive reports and charts for easy, intuitive display of results, for example on location maps and plant layout diagrams • Wide applicability – various release types and sources can be modelled, e.g. From leaks, pipework, pipelines, ruptures, relief devices, vessel ruptures and more • Assess diverse hazards – assess a wide range of flammable and toxic hazards • Extensively validated models – Phast provides a comprehensive suite of extensively validated models for analysis of process industry hazards • User friendly – predefined linking of discharge, dispersion, pool, flammable and toxic effect calculations for ease of use 3D Explosions extension With the 3D Explosions extension we bring advanced modelling capabilities to Phast, the world-leading process hazard analysis tool.

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This includes 3D Explosion analysis, directional modelling and the ability to create composite hazard contours. What you get • DNV GL’s vast expertise and knowledge on modelling of explosions integrated into a software tool • Leading explosion assessment capability that reflects the latest advancements in vapour cloud explosion science and modelling (i.e.

3D Explosion modelling) • Access to a host of advanced consequence modelling capability not available in the standard version of Phast. The extension supports compliance with guidelines on the design and location of occupied buildings subject to explosion hazards, including, for example, API RP 752 and API RP 753 and Facility siting considerations in general • More detailed consideration of explosions consequences in comparison to the standard version of Phast Process industry hazard analysis Experience has shown that the damage potential to persons, equipment and buildings associated with explosions can be significant. Consequently, it is important that this kind of hazard is evaluated as robustly and rigorously as possible. The 3D Explosions extension brings advanced explosions modelling capability to the Phast platform and enables more detailed and extensive analysis of this threat. With Phast 3D Explosions you can • Explicitly consider the interaction of the flammable cloud and identified regions of congestion in 3D This can be done using either the Multi-Energy or Baker Strehlow Tang models • Elevated clouds and regions of confinement can be assessed as well as separation distances between congested regions • Generate blast parameters for overpressure and impulse (side-on, reflected or dynamic) and display as contours or in tabular reports • Determine design accidental loads on key equipment and structure. • Develop combined hazard contours for a range scenarios and hazard types (explosions, fires, toxics and flammable clouds) • Consider directional aspects that can influence the modelling outcome (e.g.

Wind or surface roughness) • Rapidly define exclusion zones and safe distances and use this to inform safe design or demonstrate regulatory compliance Phast Multi-Component Extension The Multi-Component Extension to Phast enables more accurate and rigorous modelling of mixtures, providing you with more detailed and accurate consequence results. What you get • DNV GL’s vast expertise and knowledge on modelling of explosions integrated into a software tool • An extension to the core Phast program that facilitates advanced modelling of multi-component mixture releases • More detailed and realistic results for mixtures in comparison to the standard approach of Phast Plant hazard analysis When you conduct a typical plant hazard analysis, it usually involves several hazardous streams containing mixtures of chemicals. The properties of the constituent materials can behave differently when released to the atmosphere. For example, more volatile compounds will flash into the gaseous phase and less volatile compounds will rainout and form a pool on the ground. These changes can significantly affect the calculated hazard ranges associated with the mixture and should be accounted for.

The Multi-Component extension allows you to rigorously model mixtures and reflect how their inherent properties (e.g. Volatility or density) can affect the associated hazard potential. Key benefits of the Multi-Component Extension to Phast • Improved source term modelling of two-phase mixtures for many of the Phast discharge models, including catastrophic rupture, leak, line rupture, relief valve and disc rupture • Improved phase composition calculation accuracy for dispersing clouds comprising mixtures • Calculates vapourization rates of multiple components for a mixture vapourizing from a pool • Enhanced multi-component property system that utilizes various equations of state with intuitive definition of process streams.

A robust understanding of the possible outcomes —effect type, magnitude, duration —associated with a release of a hazardous material is central to the planning for emergencies process and developing an effective response strategy: Emergency Response with Phast. Adequate planning for an emergency is central to developing an effective response strategy. Planning for an emergency requires a detailed understanding of the hazards of concern.

In the particular case of the chemical process/oil and gas industries, a robust understanding of the possible outcomes (fire, explosion, toxic cloud etc.) associated with a release of a hazardous material is central to the planning process. Key questions need to be answered: • How large the impact zone can be? • What areas/population groups are at risk of exposure and how long for? • What is the influence of the prevailing weather conditions e.g. Day-time versus night-time? The asset-based hierarchy in Phast 7 allows equipment items to be easily identified.

These equipment items can be placed in a map which may also include Geographical Information System (GIS) – layers of information with, for example, the location of population area, control-room, accommodations, and specific areas of the plan where expensive equipment items are located. This provides a powerful visualisation tool which can be used for both planning but also communication of risks in the case of hazardous event. The following map shows an example of how the analyst can easily identify equipment items on the map – by clicking in one point in the map, the data related to that point shows and, in this case, we are looking at the chlorine tank. By double-clicking on it, the properties on this pressurised vessel are displayed: Ideally the analyst would like to run a vast array of scenarios for a specific equipment item. The rule of thumb for Emergency Response planning is: the more scenarios you run, the more complete understanding of the potential impact you would get. Upon defining the equipment item in Phast 7, analysts can define what kind of scenarios will be associated with that particular asset: The table below gives an overview of the different scenarios available (some of these are obviously limited to a specific asset e.g.

Spill would work if the vessel is pressurised): Scenario Description Catastrophic rupture An incident in which the vessel is destroyed by an impact, a crack, or some other failure which propagates very quickly. Leak A hole in the body of a vessel, or a small hole in a large pipe, modelled assuming that there are no frictional losses as the fluid flows through the vessel or pipe towards the hole.

The conditions at the start of the release are assumed to apply throughout the duration of the release, giving a constant release rate. Fixed duration release A release in the event of a rupture disc bursting. In the discharge calculations, the disk-seat is not considered as a restricting orifice so the flow-rate is dependent only on the pressure-drop through the tailpipe.

The conditions at the start of the release are assumed to apply throughout the duration of the release. Short pipe A full-bore release from a short length of pipework attached to a vessel, taking into account the pressure-drop through the line based on the frequency of bends, couplings and junctions and the valve velocity head losses, and the effect of any restricting orifices. You can use this scenario to model a line rupture, the lifting of a relief value, or the bursting of a rupture disc. The conditions at the start of the release are assumed to apply throughout the duration of the release. Vent from vapour space This is used for the venting of material from the vapour space of an unpressurized or refrigerated vessel, typically during a filling operation. The conditions at the start of the release are assumed to apply throughout the duration of the release.

Time varying leak A hole in the body of a vessel, or a small hole in a large pipe, modelled assuming that there are no frictional losses as the fluid flows through the vessel or pipe towards the hole. The effect of the release on the storage conditions is modelled, giving a release rate that changes with time.

Time varying short pipe release A full-bore release from a short length of pipework attached to a vessel, taking into account the pressure-drop through the line. The time-dependent effect of the release on the storage conditions is modelled. User-defined source Discharge calculations are not performed for this scenario, and the input data for the scenario includes a description of the state of the material after it has already been released and has expanded down to atmospheric pressure. You would normally use this scenario to model a situation that is not covered by the discharge calculations for the other scenarios, and use an external discharge model to obtain the state of the material after expansion to atmospheric pressure. You can define multiple release segments, with different conditions for each segment, to represent a release that changes with time. Spill A liquid spill from an atmospheric tank, for which the entire released mass, is assumed to spill on the ground. Models the pool spreading and vaporisation, and the dispersion and toxic effects of the cloud that evaporates from the pool.

Breach A breach in a long pipeline. Models the time-dependent release of material from the pipeline, through all the stages in its dispersion to a harmless concentration.

The calculations include the effects of shutdown by modelling the closure of valves on the pipeline. For this case, a number of scenarios have been defined. In this example the two-phase vessel releases material from the vapour side via a hole in the body of the vessel.

After the discharge calculations the cloud moves downwind. It is modelled until the cloud concentration drops below harmful toxic thresholds. The concentration in the cloud is converted to lethality levels using Probit values stored in the materials database. The aforementioned makes sense right? However, the ability of visualising the results is fundamental for a good Emergency Response plan: The above, taken together results in significant overall benefits in terms of adding value to the emergency planning process. Powerful visualization tools that allow the impact range to be imposed on location maps, thus allowing for clearer elucidation of the impact zones.

In addition to the graphical format, the result outputs can be presented in various formats (graphs, tables, commentary). This analysis can be extended to a detailed analysis of a range of hazardous outcomes (flammable, explosive and toxic) associated with a hazardous event taking into account various factors that impact on the development (e.g. Variations in weather conditions).